Angelo's Corner

PHP and Oracle
- server side language and database management

First and foremost..

I just want to share this...
which I actually used ...

Assuming we've already installed the Oracle in our OS..

1. Download this AppServ

2. Edit the php.ini and then uncomment the ff:
extension=php_oci8.dll
extension=php_oracle.dll

and by this one..we can already connect..

Connecting PHP and Oracle


//some codes here
global $conn;
$user = "username";
$password = "password";
$db="database";
$conn = oci_connect($user, $password, $db);
if (!$conn) {
      $err = oci_error();
      echo htmlentities($err['message']);
      exit;
}
//some codes here




So that's it..

It's been a long time when I am not already active user of this kind of blog environment..Considering I missed a lot of things especially sharing my ideas and as well as sharing also several experiences and learnings in life..Though it quite sometimes very tiring writing but as long as your enjoying writing what you want to express..especially in the aspects of your human thoughts and feelings..


So that is why, here I am again to share and as well as to enjoy..
Hopefully I will be updating this blog as often as I can..
especially on what is enculcating inside of my mind..

Thank you..

Current Features of VOIP
 Call Forwarding
 Conferencing
 Paging
 IVR ( Interactive Voice Response )
 Etc.



FUTURISTIC FEATURES OF VoIP

VOICE ACTIVATED HARDWARE
 Door
 Lights
 Appliance


VOICE SOFTWAFRE INQUIRY
 Bank Accounts
 Voice to Text
 Voice to Email


What is VoIP?
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows you to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line. Some VoIP services may only allow you to call other people using the same service, but others may allow you to call anyone who has a telephone number - including local, long distance, mobile, and international numbers. Also, while some VoIP services only work over your computer or a special VoIP phone, other services allow you to use a traditional phone connected to a VoIP adapter.



Call Transfer
is a telecommunications mechanism that enables a user to relocate an existing call to another telephone or attendant console by using the transfer button and dialing the required location.
# the local number you want to transfer the call.

Voice Hardware Activated

Lights
Hassle Free using your IP Phone you can turn of the lights by simply dial the IP number in your home and send a message.
e;g; “Turn off the Lights” using the voice received over the VoIp server the Lights will automatically turned off.

• Same Thing when the Doors and Appliances.
•
Voice Software Inquiry

Bank Account Inquiry
An operator will answer you call and asked your bank account number. The message will be transferred to the VoIP bank account server and check you account then automatically send back the answer of your query.




Can I Take My Phone Adapter with me When I Travel?
Some VoIP service providers offer services that can be used wherever a high speed Internet connection available. Using a VoIP service from a new location may impact your ability to connect directly to emergency services through 9-1-1. For additional information, see www.voip911.gov.

Does my Computer Have to be Turned on?
Only if your service requires you to make calls using your computer. All VoIP services require your broadband Internet connection to be active.
How Do I Know If I have a VoIP phone Call?
If you have a special VoIP phone or a regular telephone connected to a VoIP adapter, the phone will ring like a traditional telephone. If your VoIP service requires you to make calls using your computer, the software supplied by your service provider will alert you when you have an incoming call.





Does the FCC Regulate VoIP?
In June 2005 the FCC imposed 911 obligations on providers of “interconnected” VoIP services – VoIP services that allow users generally to make calls to and receive calls from the regular telephone network. You should know, however, that 911 calls using VoIP are handled differently than 911 calls using your regular telephone service. Please see our consumer fact sheet on VoIP and 911 services at www.voip911.gov for complete information on these differences.
In addition, the FCC requires interconnected VoIP providers to comply with the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA) and to contribute to the Universal Service Fund, which supports communications services in high-cost areas and for income-eligible telephone subscribers.
Aspects of these considerations may change with new developments in internet technology. You should always check with the VoIP service provider you choose to confirm any advantages and limitations to their service.



INSTRUCTIONS

Call Forwarding

Is a feature on some telephone networks that allows an incoming call to a called party, which would be otherwise unavailable, to be redirected to a mobile telephone or other telephone number where the desired called party is situated.

Dial the number where you want to forward the incoming call.

Conferencing (*5000)

is a telephone call in which the calling party wishes to have more than one called party listen in to the audio portion of the call. The conference calls may be designed to allow the called party to participate during the call.

Paging

Dial * 3000 to connect your calls to other telephone

IVR (*7777)

is a technology that allows a computer to detect voice and keypad inputs. IVR technology is used extensively in telecommunications, but is also being introduced into automobile systems for hands-free operation.



How VoIP / Internet Voice Works
VoIP services convert your voice into a digital signal that travels over the Internet. If you are calling a regular phone number, the signal is converted to a regular telephone signal before it reaches the destination. VoIP can allow you to make a call directly from a computer, a special VoIP phone, or a traditional phone connected to a special adapter. In addition, wireless "hot spots" in locations such as airports, parks, and cafes allow you to connect to the Internet and may enable you to use VoIP service wirelessly.
What Kind of Equipment Do I Need?
A broadband (high speed Internet) connection is required. This can be through a cable modem, or high speed services such as DSL or a local area network. A computer, adaptor, or specialized phone is required. Some VoIP services only work over your computer or a special VoIP phone, while other services allow you to use a traditional phone connected to a VoIP adapter. If you use your computer, you will need some software and an inexpensive microphone. Special VoIP phones plug directly into your broadband connection and operate largely like a traditional telephone. If you use a telephone with a VoIP adapter, you'll be able to dial just as you always have, and the service provider may also provide a dial tone.
Is there a difference between making a Local Call and a Long Distance Call?
Some VoIP providers offer their services for free, normally only for calls to other subscribers to the service. Your VoIP provider may permit you to select an area code different from the area in which you live. It also means that people who call you may incur long distance charges depending on their area code and service.
Some VoIP providers charge for a long distance call to a number outside your calling area, similar to existing, traditional wireline telephone service. Other VoIP providers permit you to call anywhere at a flat rate for a fixed number of minutes.


If I have VoIP service, who can I call?
Depending upon your service, you might be limited only to other subscribers to the service, or you may be able to call anyone who has a telephone number - including local, long distance, mobile, and international numbers. If you are calling someone who has a regular analog phone, that person does not need any special equipment to talk to you. Some VoIP services may allow you to speak with more than one person at a time.
What Are Some Advantages of VoIP?
Some VoIP services offer features and services that are not available with a traditional phone, or are available but only for an additional fee. You may also be able to avoid paying for both a broadband connection and a traditional telephone line.
What Are Some disadvantages of VoIP?
If you're considering replacing your traditional telephone service with VoIP, there are some possible differences:
• Some VoIP services don't work during power outages and the service provider may not offer backup power.
• Not all VoIP services connect directly to emergency services through 9-1-1. For additional information, see www.voip911.gov.
• VoIP providers may or may not offer directory assistance/white page listings.
Can I use my Computer While I talk on the Phone?
In most cases, yes.

Can I Take My Phone Adapter with me When I Travel?
Some VoIP service providers offer services that can be used wherever a high speed Internet connection available. Using a VoIP service from a new location may impact your ability to connect directly to emergency services through 9-1-1. For additional information, see www.voip911.gov.

As we all know that the rate of improvements of technology is accelerating, and the coming advances of computing power occur rapidly, isn’t it? So we can say that even someday in the future we become robots or shall I say we can mingle with robots... or something like that…



So given the incredible power of these new technologies, shouldn’t we be asking how we can best coexist with them? And if our own extinction is a likely, or even possible, outcome of technological development, shouldn’t we proceed with these new technologies with great caution?

Actually there are several changes that occur with regards to the development of our technologies today. And of course now, we have available on a range on a range of new technology topics and as well as several ideas of what will be the next and new technology to be produced. Since we live in a rapidly changing world. Technological advances are increasing productivity and income, quality of life, and of course life expectancy, isn’t it? Since then from that very reason alone we are now expect technology on which higher and greater approach that it can be for the concepts that it was being produced. And the truth is that technological development is focused on meeting the wants of rich consumers, isn’t it? So that is why slight attention is paid to the vital needs of people in the developing world. The arrival of new technologies often results in a wider gap between rich and the poor. Yet some innovations or shall I say new and next technologies fail to be applied in developing countries where there is really a real need. However, the vision of the new technologies programmed is a world where science-led new technologies deliver products which fulfill human needs rather than consumer wants. We respond into new technologies on which it aims to enable to assess and respond to the challenges of new technologies and to develop and adopt applications that improve their needs and as well as to their livelihoods. Such that it must have enable poor people to assess the opportunities and threats presented by new technologies, it identify and test potential opportunities for poverty reduction presented by new technologies, it must also ensure that policies, regulations and institutions as well are favorable to poor people and can be influenced by poor people themselves.

We have several new technologies that really affect the changes in our lives, and maybe examples of these are those technologies that get focusing on the energy technologies development, which really give a greater effects into our surroundings. I have focused merely on the energy technology since out from these, all of these will take effect on our environment seriously.

Smoke Stack Strubbing
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
Ethanol Fuel
Tower of Power
Solar Power: Carrier Multiplication
Laddermill
ITER (Hot Fusion)
Giant 'Invisible' Wind Turbines
KiteGen
Boron Powered Cars
Carbon Nanotube Powerlines
MRI for Fuel Cells



The results of our future changes in climate source cause significant challenges for society, not the smallest amount of which is how best to contribute, to observe and potential future impacts of these changes to which the world now is already committed. By this reasons, we should adapt and follow a process, since adaptation to this actions that we will made is a dynamic social process on which in our society today, it is very important, since our climate changes every now and then, so through this we should have the ability of societies to adapt and determine what we must do for our climate, in part, by the ability to act collectively. And actually by this, emerging our different perspectives for our climate changes on collective action and also for social community we have now, we should argue to have several insights from these areas inform from the nature experts and have also these normative prescriptions of policies for adaptation in all country especially those countries that provide energy sources for adaptation. Specifically, social capital is increasingly understood within economics to have public and private elements, both of which are based on trust, reputation, and reciprocal action. The public-good aspects of particular forms of social community are the very important elements for us to have as adaptive capacity in interacting with natural climate and in relation to the performance of institutions that cope with the risks of changes in climate. And actually, even several case studies are presented of present-day collective action for coping with extremes in weather in coastal areas in Southeast Asia and of community-based coastal management in the different areas. Thus, these cases demonstrate the importance of social capital framing both the public and private institutions of resource management that build spirit as an action in the face of the risks of changes in climate. These cases are by the nature of adaptation processes and collective action in adapting to future changes in climate.



The effects of observed and future changes in climate are very important and socially distinguished. The impacts of future changes will be felt particularly by resource-dependent communities through a multitude of primary and secondary effects cascading through natural and social systems. Given that the world is increasingly faced with risks of climate change that are at the boundaries of human experience, 1 there is an urgent need to learn from past and present adaptation strategies to understand both the processes by which adaptation takes place and the limitations of the various communities of change states, markets, and civil society, since then, in these processes. Societies have inherent capacities to adapt to climate change. Since through these means or ways, I argue that these capacities are bound up in their ability to act collectively. Although it is up to them since through their different decisions on adaptation are made by individuals, groups within society, organizations, and governments on behalf of society. But all decisions privilege one set of interests over another and create winners and losers. Thus, the effectiveness of strategies for adapting to climate change depend on the social acceptability of options for adaptation, the institutional constraints on adaptation, and the place of adaptation in the wider landscape of economic development and social evolution. Thus, individuals and societies have been at risk of climatic hazards and other factors, and this vulnerability can act as a driver for adaptive resource management.

The human race’s use of technologies began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The very concrete example for that was the prehistorically discovery of the ability to control fire, since then it increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans in traveling in and controlling their environment. So thus, the recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and from them, this allowed humans to interact on a global scale. However, it does not mean that not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes, since there are so many aspects of useful technologies that were also being created like the development of weapons, thus these signifies that through technologies, it had been ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons. So therefore we can conclude it right away that this so called technology
has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways, isn’t it? And in so many societies, technology has helped develop more advanced economies including our today's global economy and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted it can maybe products, known as pollution, and diminish natural resources, to the damage of the Earth and its environment. But due to these several effects caused by the several technologies that we have now, still there are several of implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms. In fact it became a philosophical debates have arisen over the present and future use of technology in society, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. And according to the articles that I have read that Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar movements criticise the pervasiveness of technology in the modern world, claiming that it harms the environment and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition. And as for me also it is indeed, until recently, it was believed that the development of technology was restricted only to human beings, but recent scientific studies indicate that other primates and certain dolphin communities have developed simple tools and learned to pass their knowledge to other generations.


So as a general, this so called technology is the relationship that society has with its tools and crafts, and to what extent society can control its environment. Since then, it has several offers for as in our daily living as the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area and as well as, a capability given by the practical application of knowledge. In fact according Ursula Franklin, in her 1989 "Real World of Technology" lecture, gave another definition of the concept; it is "practice, the way we do things around here.
So in this scenario , it is the current state of humanity's knowledge of how to combine resources to produce desired products, to solve problems, fulfill needs, or satisfy people wants ; it includes technical methods, skills, processes, techniques, tools and raw materials. When combined with another term, such as "medical technology" or "space technology", it refers to the state of the respective field's knowledge and tools. "State-of-the-art technology" refers to the high technology available to humanity in any field.
Technology can be viewed as an activity that forms or changes culture. Additionally, technology is the application of math, science, and the arts for the benefit of life as it is known. A modern example is the rise of communication technology, which has lessened barriers to human interaction and, as a result, has helped spawn new subcultures; the rise of cyber culture has, at its basis, the development of the Internet and the computer. Not all technology enhances culture in a creative way; technology can also help facilitate political oppression and war via tools such as guns. As a cultural activity, technology predates both science and engineering, each of which formalizes some aspects of technological endeavor.

However we have also these so called the technological change as a significant effect that are being produced due to the fact that we are using those technologies we have now. So that is used to describe the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. The term is redundant with technological development, technological achievement, and technological progress. In essence this technological change is the invention of a technology or a process, the continuous process of improving a technology in which it often becomes cheaper and its transmission throughout industry or society. So as a technological change as in a social effects, it

supporting the idea of technological change as social effects are in general agreement on the importance of social context and communication. So due to this fact that, technological change is seen as a social process involving adopters and others who are profoundly affected by cultural setting, political institutions and marketing strategies.

So due to these strategies that are being implemented in the area of the technologies, we must have also prepared for this new technologies that we will be having in the future. Of course as we all knew that internet is the source of several knowledge in our new technologies today, and for me we must protect the openness of the internet: A key reason the Internet has been such a success is because it is the most open network in history. It needs to stay that way. We must strongly support the principle of network neutrality to preserve the benefits of open competition on the Internet.


Although the development of technology is an inherently dynamic and cumulative process. Still it has a leaving aside social concerns, technological change is usually one of continuous improvement of existing technologies. We can even always make things better and faster. Thus we this dynamic, progressive element of technology makes it a unique human effort. Other efforts do not have this characteristic: and for me still we tend to have much work than this machines or shall I say these several technologies that I’m referring with, but still we can still say that even up to now, we can say that yesterday's computer is a real drag, on which technology represents humankind’s dream of continual progress maybe even creates the dream. Even there are several countries may be advanced technologically, but not in other human efforts such as equal distribution of goods and services and social justice. Since there are also primitive societies or prehistoric societies that still used in not advanced artistry and social relationships, but little technology as we think of it, isn’t it?? Thus, the notion of "progress" is a complex and can only be understood in the context of a given set of cultural beliefs and values. In recent years, concerns about the effects of technology on the labor force have been heightened by large-scale corporate downsizing programs and increases in wage inequality. Because these trends have coincided with a large increase in investment in computers, several authors have attributed them, at least in part, to skill-biased technological change; i.e., change that is “biased” by favoring workers with higher levels of education and skill over those with lower levels. This bias occurs because the introduction of a new technology will increase the demand for workers whose skills and knowledge complement that technology.
 

Therefore climate change is real, and the causal link to increased greenhouse emissions is now well established. This is a clear measure of increased frequency combined with high temperature in every part of the world. In my view, climate change is the most severe problem that we are facing today--more serious even than the threat of terrorism. So as we can say that technology is constantly improving and has limited shelf life. The longer it takes to procure and develop a solution—the less useful the end results. Therefore it makes it all the more important to bet on technologies which have exhibited robustness, scalability, support and easier inter-operability. Thus we should acquire those several skills regarding the different technologies we have now. And update always our area or fields in which we are incline in to it. So by these several means, we should have updated our curriculum so that in times of technological changes that will be occurring, there are no means that we, the skilled ones have benefits in to it. Thus the power and knowledge make it as one.

The results of our future changes in climate source today cause significant challenges for society, not the smallest amount of which is how best to contribute, to observe and potential future impacts of these changes to which the world now is already committed. By this reasons, we should adapt and follow a process, since adaptation to this actions that we will made is a dynamic social process on which in our society today, it is very important, since our climate changes every now and then, so through this we should have the ability of societies to adapt and determine what we must do for our climate, in part, by the ability to act collectively. And actually by this, emerging our different perspectives for our climate changes on collective action and also for social community we have now, we should argue to have several insights from these areas inform from the nature experts and have also these normative prescriptions of policies for adaptation in all country especially those countries that provide energy sources for adaptation. Specifically, social capital is increasingly understood within economics to have public and private elements, both of which are based on trust, reputation, and reciprocal action. The public-good aspects of particular forms of social community are the very important elements for us to have as adaptive capacity in interacting with natural climate and in relation to the performance of institutions that cope with the risks of changes in climate. And actually, even several case studies are presented of present-day collective action for coping with extremes in weather in coastal areas in Southeast Asia and of community-based coastal management in the different areas. Thus, these cases demonstrate the importance of social capital framing both the public and private institutions of resource management that build spirit as an action in the face of the risks of changes in climate. These cases are by the nature of adaptation processes and collective action in adapting to future changes in climate.



The effects of observed and future changes in climate are very important and socially distinguished. The impacts of future changes will be felt particularly by resource-dependent communities through a multitude of primary and secondary effects cascading through natural and social systems. Given that the world is increasingly faced with risks of climate change that are at the boundaries of human experience, 1 there is an urgent need to learn from past and present adaptation strategies to understand both the processes by which adaptation takes place and the limitations of the various communities of change states, markets, and civil society, since then, in these processes. Societies have inherent capacities to adapt to climate change. Since through these means or ways, I argue that these capacities are bound up in their ability to act collectively. Although it is up to them since through their different decisions on adaptation are made by individuals, groups within society, organizations, and governments on behalf of society. But all decisions privilege one set of interests over another and create winners and losers. Thus, the effectiveness of strategies for adapting to climate change depend on the social acceptability of options for adaptation, the institutional constraints on adaptation, and the place of adaptation in the wider landscape of economic development and social evolution. Thus, individuals and societies have been at risk of climatic hazards and other factors, and this vulnerability can act as a driver for adaptive resource management.

There are various scales and actors involved in adaptation. Some types of adaptation are undertaken by individuals in response to threats to the climate, often triggered by individual extreme events. Others are undertaken by governments on behalf of society, sometimes in anticipation of change but, again, often in response to individual events. Key vulnerable groups are often excluded from making decisions on the public management of climate-related risks. Poor households are, for example, forced to live in hazardous areas on the margins of urban settlements, which put them at risk of flooding, and are frequently ignored when the infrastructure is designed to alleviate such vulnerabilities. The space occupied by socially marginalized groups itself becomes invisible. The vulnerability of marginalized groups and their exclusion from decision making has been documented throughout the world, from Japan to the United States.




Therefore, adaptation processes involve the interdependence of agents through their relationships with each other, with the institutions in which they reside, and with the resource base on which they depend. The nature of these relationships has been central to human ecology and geography, microeconomics, and the anthropological and political sciences. Each discipline has theorized relations of trust, the nature of exchange relations, and the cultural significance of and institutional constraints on the use of the natural environment. But the different emphasis of each discipline has led to a little by little view of the importance of connectedness and networks and the role of institutions. Proponents of some economic and political science models have argued that institutions are merely an outcome of individual exchange and of the state’s provision of frameworks to provide stability for these exchanges. Advocates of structural approaches have contended that institutions are embedded in the ancestor decisions and cultures of the societies in which they appear. In resolving some of these problems, the concept of social capital appears to have purchase across the range of social sciences.
At its foundation, social capital describes relations of trust, and exchange; that the evolution of common rules; and the role of networks. It gives a role to civil society and collective action for both instrumental and democratic reasons and seeks to explain differential spatial patterns of societal interaction.

So with regards to the implementations of this adaptation measures as part of a response steps and strategies. We should formulate, implement, a national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to diminish climate change and measures also to facilitate sufficient adaptation to climate change. So cooperating with this is that, let us cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change, develop and elaborate merely on the appropriate and integrated plans for the coastal zone management, water resources and agriculture, and for the protection rehabilitation of different areas around the world, especially to those countries that really need and affected by this global climate changes, such as drought, desertification, floods and this global warming or the so called the green house effect. Since through this adaptation to climate is the process through which people reduce the adverse effects of climate on their health and well being and take advantage of the opportunities that their climatic environment provides.



Cite for example, with greenhouse gas emissions a growing policy concern, and much more attention is being given to the potential for renewable energy to displace fossil fuel sources. So to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote technological development and diffusion of renewable energy, recent policies and proposals employ a broad range of incentives. And so, this category includes biomass and excludes trash and nonrenewable waste.





However, the response to this situations depends on how human societies develop in terms of demographics and economic development, technological change, energy supply and demand, and land use change. It describes new scenarios of the future, and predicts greenhouse gas emissions associated with such developments. These scenarios are based on a thorough review of the literature, the development of narrative "storylines", and the quantification of these storylines with the help of six different integrated models from different countries. The scenarios provide the basis for future assessments of climate change and possible response strategies. The report illustrates that future emissions, even in the absence of explicit climate policies, depend very much on the choices people make, how economies are structured, which energy sources are preferred, and how people use available land resources. And actually according to what I have read that the IPCC published previous greenhouse gas emissions scenarios in 1990 and 1992. The current scenarios introduce many innovative aspects, such as narrative descriptions of the scenarios, inclusion of information on the availability of energy technologies, and an analysis of international equity issues. This IPCC Special Report is the most comprehensive and state-of-the-art assessment available of greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, and provides invaluable information for industry, policy-makers, environmental organizations, and researchers in global change, technology, engineering and economics.


Therefore climate change is real, and the causal link to increased greenhouse emissions is now well established. This is a clear measure of increased frequency combined with high temperature in every part of the world. And as I have read that last year, Europe experienced an unprecedented heat wave, France alone bearing around 15,000 excess or premature fatalities as a consequence. Although this was clearly an extreme event, when average temperatures are rising, extreme temperature events become more frequent and more serious. In my view, climate change is the most severe problem that we are facing today--more serious even than the threat of terrorism.

Some climate change can always be attributed to natural cycles and disturbances in the Earth's climate system, but we cannot explain the general warming trend over the last century without invoking human-induced effects. For instance, from the specific country like Philippines we modeled the effects on climate of such factors as volcanic eruptions and changes in solar output and compared these with the effects of additional greenhouse gases emitted through the burning of fossil fuels, land-use change, and industrial processes. Only the forcing from increasing greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations could explain the general upward trend in temperature, isn’t it??

Thus, this describes that the human activity has increased the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases by a greater percentage relative to pre industrial levels. At about this climate change in our society, today's atmospheric carbon dioxide level is higher than at any time in at least the past 420,000 years. Owing to the inertia of the climate system, it is already too late to stop any further warming from occurring. However, if we could stabilize the atmosphere's carbon dioxide concentration at some realistically achievable and relatively low level, there is still a good chance of mitigating the worst effects of climate change. For instance, current models suggest that stabilizing carbon dioxide levels could reduce flooding frequency along the most vulnerable parts of the community over the world and there are so many places, as compared with a scenario of continuing growth in consumption of fossil fuels.
Climate change is no respecter of national boundaries. We are attempting to show our initiative in order to contribute and to help for our environment, and especially also to many other countries.


Therefore we can say that our world today is really in changing atmosphere, since then we should uplift our minds in order to do an actions for the need that our environment will be saved. We must…


In Our Home – Conserve Energy

Clean or replace air filters on your air conditioning unit at least once a month. If you have central air conditioning, do not close vents in unused rooms. Lower the thermostat on your water heater to 120. Wrap your water heater in an insulated blanket. Turn down or shut off your water heater when you will be away for extended periods. Turn off unneeded lights even when leaving a room for a short time. Set your refrigerator temperature at 36 to 38 and your freezer at 0 to 5 . When using an oven, minimize door opening while it is in use; it reduces oven temperature by 25 to 30 every time you open the door. Clean the lint filter in your dryer after every load so that it uses less energy. Unplug seldom used appliances. Use a microwave when- ever you can instead of a conventional oven or stove. Wash clothes with warm or cold water instead of hot. Reverse your indoor ceiling fans for summer and winter operations as recommended. Turn off lights, computers and other appliances when not in use.
Purchase appliances and office equipment with the Energy Star Label; old refridgerators, for example, use up to 50 more electricity than newer models. Only use electric appliances when you need them. Use compact fluorescent light bulbs to save money and energy. Keep your thermostat at 68 in winter and 78 in summer. Keep your thermostat higher in summer and lower in winter when you are away Insulate your home as best as you can. Install weather stripping around all doors and windows. Shut off electrical equipment in the evening when you leave work. Plant trees to shade your home. Shade outside air conditioning units by trees or other means. Replace old windows with energy efficient ones. Use cold water instead of warm or hot water when possible. Connect your outdoor lights to a timer.










In Our Home – Reduce Toxicity

Eliminate mercury from your home by purchasing items without mercury, and dispose of items containing mercury at an appropriate drop-off facility when necessary (e.g. old thermometers). Learn about alternatives to household cleaning items that do not use hazardous chemicals. Buy the right amount of paint for the job. Review labels of household cleaners you use. Consider alternatives like baking soda, scouring pads, water or a little more elbow grease. When no good alternatives exist to a toxic item, find the least amount required for an effective, sanitary result. If you have an older home, have paint in your home tested for lead. If you have lead-based paint, cover it with wall paper or other material instead of sanding it or burning it off. Use traps instead of rat and mouse poisons and insect killers. Have your home tested for radon. Use cedar chips or aromatic herbs instead of mothballs.








In Our Yard
Avoid using leaf blowers and other dust-producing equipment. Use an electric lawn- mower instead of a gas-powered one. Leave grass clippings on the yard-they decompose and return nutrients to the soil. Use recycled wood chips as mulch to keep weeds down, retain moisture and prevent erosion. Use only the required amount of fertilizer. Minimize pesticide use. Create a wildlife habitat in your yard. Water grass early in the morning. Rent or borrow items like ladders, chain saws, party decorations and others that are seldom used. Take actions that use non hazardous components (e.g., to ward off pests, plant marigolds in a garden instead of using pesticide). Put leaves in a compost heap instead of burning them or throwing them away. Yard debris too large for your compost bin should be taken to a yard-debris recycler.








In Our Office

Copy and print on both sides of paper. Reuse items like envelopes, folders and paper clips. Use mailer sheets for interoffice mail instead of an envelope.Use mailer sheets for interoffice mail instead of an envelope. Set up a bulletin board for memos instead of sending a copy to each employee. Use e-mail instead of paper correspondence. Use recycled paper. Use discarded paper for scrap paper. Encourage your school and/or company to print documents with soy-based inks, which are less toxic. Use a ceramic coffee mug instead of a disposable cup.







Ways To Protect Our Air

Ask your employer to consider flexible work schedules or telecommuting. Recycle printer cartridges. Shut off electrical equipment in the evening when you leave work. Report smoking vehicles to your local air agency. Don't use your wood stove or fireplace when air quality is poor. Avoid slow-burning, smoldering fires. They produce the largest amount of pollution. Burn seasoned wood - it burns cleaner than green wood. Use solar power for home and water heating. Use low-VOC or water-based paints, stains, finishes and paint strippers. Purchase radial tires and keep them properly inflated for your vehicle. Paint with brushes or rollers instead of using spray paints to minimize harmful emissions. Ignite charcoal barbecues with an electric probe or other alternative to lighter fluid. If you use a wood stove, use one sold after 1990. They are required to meet federal emissions standards and are more efficient and cleaner burning. Walk or ride your bike instead of driving, whenever possible. Join a carpool or vanpool to get to work.










Ways to Use Less Water

Check and fix any water leaks. Install water-saving devices on your faucets and toilets. Don't wash dishes with the water running continuously. Wash and dry only full loads of laundry and dishes. Follow your community's water use restrictions or guidelines. Install a low-flow shower head. Replace old toilets with new ones that use a lot less water. Turn off washing machine's water supply to prevent leaks.








Ways to Protect Our Water

Revegetate or mulch disturbed soil as soon as possible. Never dump anything down a storm drain. Have your septic tank pumped and system inspected regularly. Check your car for oil or other leaks, and recycle motor oil. Take your car to a car wash instead of washing it in the driveway. Learn about your watershed.




Create Less Trash

Buy items in bulk from loose bins when possible to reduce the packaging wasted. Avoid products with several layers of packaging when only one is sufficient. About 33 of what we throw away is packaging. Buy products that you can reuse. Maintain and repair durable products instead of buying new ones. Check reports for products that are easily repaired and have low breakdown rates. Reuse items like bags and containers when possible. Use cloth napkins instead of paper ones. Use reusable plates and utensils instead of disposable ones. Use reusable containers to store food instead of aluminum foil and cling wrap. Shop with a canvas bag instead of using paper and plastic bags. Buy rechargeable batteries for devices used frequently.
Reuse packaging cartons and shipping materials. Old newspapers make great packaging material. Compost your vegetable scraps. Buy used furniture - there is a surplus of it, and it is much cheaper than new furniture.




So through these several means, though it maybe the simple ways which we can contribute towards saving climate, but still it is a small steps in which each of us can make an actions towards global problems..so that is it...AMEN